Сорбитан моноолеат (Span 80): техническое руководство и промышленное применение
In the specialized field of surfactant chemistry, few non-ionic surfactants offer the versatility and formulation stability of Сорбитан моноолеат, commercially known as Размах 80. As a lipophilic surfactant derived from the esterification of sorbitan with oleic acid, Span 80 is a critical component in the development of stable emulsions across food, cosmetic, and industrial sectors.
For formulation engineers and procurement specialists at foodemul.com, understanding the precise physicochemical properties and HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) dynamics of this ingredient is essential for optimizing product performance. This guide provides a deep dive into the technical specifications, regulatory compliance, and diverse applications of Span 80.
What is Sorbitan Monooleate (Span 80)?
Sorbitan Monooleate is a non-ionic surfactant characterized by its amber, viscous liquid appearance at room temperature. Chemically, it is a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible oleic acid. Due to the presence of the long-chain unsaturated oleic acid tail, Span 80 exhibits distinct lipophilic (oil-loving) properties compared to its saturated counterparts like Span 20 (Laurate) or Span 60 (Stearate).
Chemical Properties and HLB Value
The efficacy of a surfactant is largely dictated by its HLB value. Сорбитан моноолеат possesses a low HLB value of approximately 4.3. This places it firmly in the category of lipophilic surfactants, making it highly soluble in oils and organic solvents, but dispersible in water.
| Parameter | Technical Specification (Span 80) |
|---|---|
| Химическое название | Сорбитан моноолеат |
| Номер CAS | 1338-43-8 |
| Появление | Amber to yellow viscous oily liquid |
| Значение HLB | 4.3 (± 1.0) |
| Кислотное число | ≤ 8.0 mg KOH/g |
| Число омыления | 145–160 mg KOH/g |
Functionality as a Water-in-Oil Emulsifier
Due to its low HLB, Span 80 serves primarily as a potent water in oil emulsifier (W/O). In these systems, the surfactant lowers the interfacial tension between the water droplets and the continuous oil phase, preventing coalescence and ensuring long-term stability. The unsaturated nature of the oleic acid chain allows for greater fluidity at lower temperatures compared to stearate-based surfactants, which is advantageous for formulations requiring pourability or cold-process manufacturing.
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Major Applications of Span 80
The utility of Sorbitan Monooleate spans multiple industries, driven by its safety profile and emulsifying efficiency. Below, we explore the specific formulation contexts for foodemul.com’s primary sectors.
Cosmetic Emulsifier Span 80: Formulating Creams and Lotions
In the personal care industry, cosmetic emulsifier Span 80 is indispensable for creating rich, emollient textures. It is frequently used in:
- Night Creams and Heavy Lotions: As a W/O emulsifier, it helps create a protective barrier on the skin, reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
- Makeup Removers: Its affinity for oils allows it to solubilize sebum and waterproof makeup effectively without stripping the skin of natural lipids.
- Солнцезащитные средства: Span 80 aids in the dispersion of inorganic UV filters (like Zinc Oxide) within oil-based formulations.
Food Grade Span 80: E-Numbers and Stabilizing Uses
Regulatory compliance is paramount in food production. Food grade Span 80 is designated in the European Union as E494. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA when used in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices.
Regulatory Highlight: Food Grade Span 80 (E494) must meet strict purity criteria regarding heavy metals and free fatty acids. It is distinct from Span 60 (E491) and Span 65 (E492), primarily serving as an anti-foaming agent and emulsifier in yeast production and bakery applications.
Key food applications include:
- Bakery Products: Improving the aeration and volume of cakes and sponges.
- Производство дрожжей: protecting active yeast cells and preventing excess foaming during fermentation.
- Chocolate Production: Modifying viscosity to prevent bloom.
Industrial Lubricants and Agrochemicals
Beyond human consumption and application, Span 80 is a workhorse in industrial formulations. In agrochemicals, it acts as a dispersant in pesticides and herbicides, ensuring the active ingredients adhere to plant surfaces (leaves) rather than washing off. Additionally, in the petroleum industry, it is used in drilling muds and as a corrosion inhibitor in lubricant additives, leveraging its oil solubility to protect metal surfaces.
Comparative Technical Analysis
Selecting the right surfactant often involves comparing structurally similar molecules or understanding synergistic pairings.
Sorbitan Monooleate vs. Sorbitan Sesquioleate
Formulators often choose between Сорбитан моноолеат и Сесквиолеат сорбитана. While both are based on oleic acid, their esterification degrees differ.
| Особенность | Сорбитан моноолеат (Span 80) | Сесквиолеат сорбитана |
|---|---|---|
| Значение HLB | ~4.3 | ~3.7 |
| Structure | Mono-ester | Mixture of mono- and di-esters (1.5 ratio) |
| Основное применение | General W/O Emulsifier, Wetting Agent | Heavy Cosmetic Creams, Pigment Dispersion |
| Растворимость | Soluble in most oils | Highly soluble in oils, greater water resistance |
Сесквиолеат сорбитана creates slightly more occlusive films and is often preferred for pigmented cosmetics (like foundations) due to superior pigment wetting capabilities. However, for general W/O emulsions and food applications, Span 80 remains the standard choice.
The Span 80 and Tween 80 Synergistic Balance
Perhaps the most famous relationship in surfactant chemistry is the pairing of Span 80 with Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80). While Span 80 is lipophilic (HLB 4.3), Tween 80 is hydrophilic (HLB 15.0).
By combining these two, formulators can achieve a precise “Target HLB” to stabilize Oil-in-Water (O/W) emulsions. This synergy creates a more robust interfacial film around droplets than either surfactant could achieve alone. For example, a mixture of roughly 30% Span 80 and 70% Tween 80 creates an HLB of approximately 11-12, ideal for fluid O/W lotions.
Safety, Handling, and Storage Protocols
Proper handling of Sorbitan Esters ensures ingredient integrity and personnel safety. Span 80 is generally considered non-toxic and non-irritating, but standard industrial hygiene should be observed.
- Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Avoid direct sunlight and extreme heat, which can accelerate oxidation of the unsaturated oleic chains.
- Shelf Life: Typically 12 to 24 months when stored correctly.
- Handling: Use personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles) to prevent prolonged skin contact, which may cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals.
Compliance Note: Always consult the specific Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by foodemul.com for the most current hazard communication and transport regulations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Span 80 soluble in water?
No, Span 80 is not soluble in water. It is dispersible in water but soluble in most mineral and vegetable oils. This solubility profile is what defines it as a lipophilic water in oil emulsifier.
В чём разница между Span 80 и Tween 80?
The primary difference lies in their chemical structure and HLB values. Span 80 is Sorbitan Monooleate (HLB 4.3, Oil-Soluble), while Tween 80 is Ethoxylated Sorbitan Monooleate (HLB 15, Water-Soluble). Span is used for W/O emulsions, while Tween is used for O/W emulsions or as a solubilizer.
Can food grade Span 80 be used in cosmetics?
Yes, food grade Span 80 generally meets and exceeds the purity requirements for cosmetic applications. However, cosmetic grade Span 80 may not always meet food safety standards regarding specific by-products. Always check the grade certification.
Why is Span 80 liquid while Span 60 is solid?
This is due to the fatty acid composition. Span 60 is derived from Stearic Acid (saturated fat), which is solid at room temperature. Span 80 is derived from Oleic Acid (unsaturated fat), which remains liquid at room temperature, offering different textural properties in formulation.
